Defining the chromatin signature of inducible genes in T cells

Inducible genes in T cells show the chromatin characteristics of active genes, suggesting they are primed for transcription

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Impak Penggunaan Aplikasi Atas Talian Terhadap Motivasi Guru Sekolah Rendah Semasa Pendamik Covid-19: the Impact of Online Application on Primary School Teachers Motivation During Covid-19 Pandemic

Negara Malaysia menimpa kemelut Covid-19 yang menyedihkan sejak pertengahan 2020. Dalam bidang pendidikan, aktiviti pendidikan secara semuka yang melibatkan semua institusi pendidikan terjejas dan kerajaan Malaysia memperkenalkan aktiviti pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan dari rumah (PdPR) secara atas talian, perlu dilaksanakan semasa pelaksanaan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) yang berlangsung. Kaedah PdPR secara dalam talian, mungkin dilihat sebagai cara mudah untuk memastikan proses pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) dapat diteruskan supaya mampu memastikan pelajar tidak ketinggalan dalam pelajaran. pelajar. Penggunaan aplikasi-aplikasi seperti Quizzies, Kahoot, live worksheets, blooket dan sebagainya meningkatkan tahap motivasi kerja guru untuk menjalankan PdPc dengan menarik serta cemerlang. Suasana pembelajaran berubah bukan hanya ‘chalk and talk' sahaja, tetapi lebih kepada menjadikan pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif. Pengetahuan teknologi pedagogi kandungan (PTPK) membolehkan para guru untuk mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pengajaran mereka. Guru perlu mengajar kandungan dengan menggunakan kaedah pedagogi dan teknologi yang sesuai. Guru-guru wajar menggunakan aplikasi atas talian sebagai strategi latihan dalam PdPc supaya dapat menambahkan penguasaan dan pencapaian akademik mereka. Selain itu, kajian ini dapat mewujudkan suasana PdPc guru yang seronok

The Effectiveness of Ops-English Programme in Enhancing ESL Students' Attitudes and Speaking Ability

This academic exercise aims to investigate the effectiveness of using the OPS-English programme to enhance ESL students' speaking skills and attitudes. A total of thirty students in Form Two are randomly selected as subjects for collecting the data. Experimental design is used in this study to suit the need of the research done. The experiment of the OPS-English programme was conducted over three months. First, students' achievement was analysed using a T-test based on the value of T=0.001. This study showed a significant scores difference in the pre-speaking test result after the students are treated with the OPS-English programme before the post-speaking test result. Besides, a Five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to the respondents at the end of the course to identify their attitudes towards using the OPS-English programme in English classes. Finally, the data were analysed using percentages. The findings showed the students' neutrality in speaking skills and attitudes after the OPS-English programme is introduced.&nbsp;&nbsp

The Effectiveness of Using Prose-Model Approach in Improving ESL Learners' Writing Skill in Development and Arrangement Their Ideas

This research investigates the effectiveness of the prose-model approach in improving ESL students' writing performance in development and arranging their ideas in writing. A total of twenty-eight students in Form Two are randomly selected as subjects for collecting the data. Experimental design is used in this study to suit the need of the research done. For the first step, the pre-writing test is used to identify the primary writing skill. Then, after the ‘treatment' is given, the post-writing test is used to show the effectiveness of using the prose-model approach to improve the students' writing skills. The experiment of the prose-model approach assessment will then be conducted (with the help of the English teacher) within allocation time. Their pre-writing test and the post-writing test were observed and marked. This process was done for at least three months. The students' achievement (in grade) was analysed and presented in reports, figures, and percentages. The data collected was based on using the prose-model approach, before and after by comparing the grades they get from the pre-writing test and post-writing test. For teachers, it is crucial to find a way to improve students' writing performance. Writing is a complex and creative process. What they present in their writing gives us a picture of their level of growth in thinking. Therefore, a new technique is needed to help students to write better in the English language.&nbsp;&nbsp

Digital Educational Tools: Teachers' View On Learners Attitude

With the increasing usage of technology in this era of change, education is one of the most affected fields. Schools and institutions have now moved on to use Learning Management Systems for learners' education and teachers are forced to come up with new exciting ways to teach their learners. One of the most common ways is by using Digital Educational Tools (DET). However, how interested are learners in these tools, and how much does it affect their academic performance? This study investigates teachers' views on their learner's preference of DET use. A quantitative method was used, and 56 school teachers were involved with the data collection process. It could be seen from the findings that teachers can see their learners enjoying the use of DET in their lessons. If teachers were to conduct lessons using DET, activity and lesson design should be considered